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Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - First Trimester Screening

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References

  1. Nicolaides KH, Azar G, Snijders RJM, Gosden CM. Fetal nuchal edema. associated malformations and chromosomal defects. Fetal Diagn Ther 1992;7:123-31. (Level III evidence)
  2. Nicolaides KH, Azar G, Byrne D, Mansur C, Marks K. Fetal nuchal translucency: ultrasound screening for chromosomal defects in first trimester of pregnancy. BMJ 1992;304:867-89. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  3. Souka AP, Krampl E, Bakalis S, Heath V, Nicolaides KH. Outcome of pregnancy in chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency in the first trimester. Ultrasound Gynecol 2001;18:9-17. (Level III evidence)
  4. Whitlow BJ, Economides DL. The optimal gestational age to examine fetal anatomy and measure nuchal translucency in the first trimester. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998;11:258-61. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  5. Mulvey S, Baker L, Edwards A, Oldham J, Shekleton P, Wallace EM. Optimising the timing for nuchal translucency measurement. Prenat Diagn 2002;22:775-7. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  6. Nicolaides KH. Nuchal translucency and other first-trimester sonographic markers of chromosomal abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:45-67. (Review article)
  7. Stewart TL, Malone FD. First trimester screening for aneuploidy: nuchal translucency sonography. Seminars in Perinatology 1999;23:369-381. (Review article)
  8. Krantz DA, Hallahan TW, Orlandi F, Buchanan P, Larsen JW Jr, Macri JN. First-trimester Down syndrome screening using dried blood biochemistry and nuchal translucency. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:207-13 (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  9. Bindra R, Heath V, Liao A, Spencer K, Nicolaides KH. One stop clinic for assessment of risk for trisomy 21 at 11-14 weeks: a prospective study of 15,030 pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;20:219-25. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  10. Spencer K, Spencer CE, Power M, Dawson C, Nicolaides KH. Screening for chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester using ultrasound and maternal serum biochemistry in a one stop clinic: a review of three years prospective experience. BJOG 2003;110:281-6. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  11. Schuchter K, Hafner E, Stangl G, Metzenbauer M, Hofinger D, Philipp K. The first trimester 'combined test' for the detection of Down syndrome pregnancies in 4939 unselected pregnancies. Prenat Diagn 2002;22:211-5. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  12. Cicero S, Ciarcio P, Papageorghiore A, et al. Absence of nasal bone in fetuses with trisomy 21 at 11-14 weeks gestation: an observational study. Lancet 2001;358:1165-7. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  13. Zoppi MA, Ibba RM, Axiana C, et al. Absence of fetal nasal bone and aneuploidies at first-trimester nuchal translucency screening in unselected pregnancies. Prenat Diagn 2003;23:496-500. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  14. Hadlow NC, Hewitt BG, Dickinson JE et al. Community-based screening for Down's Syndrome in the first trimester using ultrasound and maternal serum biochemistry. BJOG. 2005 Nov;112(11):1561-4. (Level II-III evidence). Click here to view reference

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