Skip To Content
 

Search:

  

Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Suspected Ectopic Pregnancy
PathwaysHome
Flow Chart
Image gallery
Teaching Points
References
PDF Version

References

  1. Kaplan BC, Dart RG, Moskos M, et al. Ectopic pregnancy: prospective study with improved diagnostic accuracy. Ann Emerg Med 1996;28:10-17. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  2. Abbott JT, Emmans LS, Lowenstein SR: Ectopic pregnancy: Ten common pitfalls in diagnosis. Am J Emerg Med 1990;8:515-22. (Level IV evidence)
  3. Braffman BH, Coleman BG, Ramchandani P, et al. Emergency department screening for ectopic pregnancy: a prospective US study. Radiology 1994;190:797-802. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  4. Barnhart K, Mennuti MT, Benjamin I, et al. Prompt diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in an emergency department setting. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84:1010-5. (Level II evidence)
  5. Gracia CR, Barnhart KT. Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy: decision analysis comparing six strategies. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:464-70. (Level II evidence)
  6. Wong TW, Lau CC, Yeung A, et al. Efficacy of transabdominal ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of early pregnancy complications in an emergency department. J Accid Emerg Med 1998;15:155-8. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  7. Jain KA, Hamper UM, Sanders RC. Comparison of transvaginal and transabdominal sonography in the detection of early pregnancy and its complications. AJR 1988;151:1139-43. (Level III evidence)
  8. Nyberg DA, Mack LA, Laing FC, et al. Early pregnancy complications: endovaginal sonographic findings correlated with human chorionic gonadotropin levels. Radiology 1988;167:619-22. (Level III evidence)
  9. Nyberg DA, mack LA, Jeffery RB Jr, et al. Endovaginal sonographic evaluation of ectopic pregnancy: A prospective study. AJR 1987;149:1181-6. (Level III evidence)
  10. Cacciatore B, Stenman UH, Ylostalo P. Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy by vaginal ultrasonography in combination with a discriminatory serum hCG level of 1000 IU/l [IRP]. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990;97:904-8. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  11. Cacciatore B, Stenman UH, Ylostalo P, et al. Comparison of abdominal and vaginal sonography in suspected ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1989;73:770-4. (Level III evidence)
  12. Timor-Tritch IA, Yeh MN, Peisner DB, et al. The use of transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Am J Obst Gynecol 1989;161:157-61. (Level III evidence)
  13. Sadek AL, Schiotz HA. Transvaginal sonography in the management of ectopic pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1995;74:293-6. (Level II evidence)
  14. Brown DL, Doubilet PM. Transvaginal sonography for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy: Positivity criteria and performance characteristics. J Ultrasound Med 1994;13:259-66. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  15. Russell SA, filly RA, Damato N. Sonographic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy with endovaginal probes: what really has changed? J Ultrasound Med 1993;3:145-51. (Level III evidence)
  16. Nyberg DA, Hughes MP, Mack LA, et al. Extrauterine findings of ectopic pregnancy at transvaginal US: importance of echogenic fluid. Radiology 1991;178:823-6. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  17. Cacciatore B. Can the status of tubal pregnancy be predicted with transvaginal sonography? A prospective comparison of sonographic, surgical and serum hCG findings. Radiology 1990;177:481-4. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  18. Dart RG, Burke G, Dart L. Subclassification of indeterminate pelvic ultrasonography: prospective evaluation of the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Ann Emer Med 2002;39:382-8. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  19. Dart RG, Mitterando J, Dart LM. Rate of change of serial ß-human chorionic gonadotropin values as a predictor of ectopic pregnancy in patients with indeterminate transvaginal ultrasound findings. Ann Emerg Med 1999;34:703-10. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  20. Symonds IM. Ectopic pregnancy: modern management. Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology 1998;8:27-31.

Further Reading

  1. Dart RG. Role of pelvic ultrasonography in evaluation of symptomatic first-trimester pregnancy. Ann Emerg Med 1999;33:310-20.
  2. Frates MC, Laing FC. Sonographic evaluation of ectopic pregnancy: an update. AJR 1995;165:251-9. (Review article)
  3. Durston WE, Carl ML, Guerra W, et al. Ultrasound availability in the evaluation of ectopic pregnancy in the ED: comparison of quality and cost-effectiveness with different approaches. Am J Emerg Med 2000;18:408-17.

File Formats

Some documents for download on this website are in a Portable Document Format (PDF). To read these files you might need to download Adobe® Acrobat Reader.

Get Adobe Reader

Legal Matters