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Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Child with Hip Pain
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References

  1. Flynn JM, Widmann RF. The limping child: evaluation and diagnosis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2001;9:89-98. (Review article)
  2. Englaro EE, Gelfand MJ, Paltiel HJ. Bone scintigraphy in preschool children with lower extremity pain of unknown origin. J Nucl Med 1992;33:351-4. (Level IV evidence)
  3. Blatt SD, Rosenthal BM, Barnhart DC. Diagnostic utility of lower extremity radiographs of young children with gait disturbance. Pediatrics 1991;87:138-40. (Level IV evidence)
  4. McConnochie KM, Roghmann KJ, Pasternack J, Monroe DJ, Monaco LP. Prediction rules for selective radiographic assessment of extremity injuries in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 1990;86:45-57. (Level III evidence)
  5. Aronson J, Garvin K, Seibert J, Glasier C, Tursky EA. Efficiency of the bone scan for occult limping toddlers. J Pediatr Orthop 1992;12:38-44. (Level III evidence)
  6. Myers MT, Thompson GH. Imaging the child with a limp. Pediatr Clin North Am 1997;44:637-58. (Review article)
  7. Scott RJ, Christogersen MR, Robertson WW Jr, et al. Acute osteomyelitis in children: a review of 116 cases. J Pediatr Orthop 1990;10:649-52. (Level III evidence)
  8. McCoy JR, Morrissy RT, Seibert J. Clinical experience with the technetium-99 scan in children. Clin Orthop 1981;154:175-80. (Level III evidence)
  9. Royal SG. Investigation of the irritable hip. J Pediatr Orthop 1992;12:396-7. (Level III evidence)
  10. Alexander JE, Seibert JJ, Glasier CM, et al. High-resolution hip ultrasound in the limping child. J Clin Ultrasound 1989;17:19-24. (Level IV evidence)
  11. Zawin JK, Hoffer FA, Rand FF, Teele RL. Joint effusion in children with an irritable hip: US diagnosis and aspiration. Radiology 1993;187:459-63. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  12. Terjesen T, Østhus P. Ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of transient synovitis of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop 1991;11:608-13. (Level III evidence)
  13. Fernandez M, Carrol CL, Baker CJ. Discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis in children: an 18-year review. Pediatrics 2000;105:1299-304. (Level III evidence)
  14. Bickerstaff DR, Neal LM, Booth AJ, Brennan PO, Bell MJ. Ultrasound examination of the irritable hip. J Bone Joint Surg 1990;72:549-53. (Level III evidence)
  15. Hollingworth P. Differential diagnosis and management of hip pain in childhood. British Journal of Rheumatology 1995;34:78-82. (Review article)
  16. Eich GF, Superti-Furga A, Umbricht FS, Willi UV. The painful hip: evaluation of criteria for clinical decision-making. Eur J Pediatr 1999;158:923-8. (Level III evidence)
  17. Miralles M, Gonzalez G, Pulpeiro JR, Millan JM, Gordillo I, Serrano C, et al. Sonography of the Painful Hip in Children. AJR 1989;152:579-92. (Level III evidence)
  18. Le Quesne GW. A role for ultrsound in assessment of the child with a painful hip. J Paediatr Child Health 1993;29:247-9. (Review article)
  19. White PM, Boyd J, Beattie TF, Hurst M, Hendry GM. Magnetic resonance imaging as the primary imaging modality in children presenting with acute non-traumatic hip pain. Emerg Med J 2001;18:25-9. (Level III evidence)
  20. Hart JJ. Transient Synovitis of the Hip in Children. Am Fam Physician 196;54:1587-91. (Review article)

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