Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Scaphoid Fracture

References

1. Plancher KD. Methods of imaging the scaphoid. Hand Clinics 2001;17(4):703-21. (Review article)
2. Gilbert TJ, Cohen M. Imaging of acute injuries to the wrist and hand. Radiol Clin of North America 1997;35(3):701-25. (Review article)
3. Munk PL, Lee MJ, Logan PM, et al. Scaphoid bone waist fractures, acute and chronic: imaging with different techniques. AJR 1997;168:779-86. (Review article)
4. Tiel-van Buul MMC, van Beek EJR, Broekhuizen AH, et al. Radiography and scintigraphy of suspected scaphoid fracture: a long-term study in 160 patients. J Bone Joint Surg 1993;75-B:61-5. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
5. Munk B, Frokjaer J, larsen CF, et al. Diagnosis of scaphoid fractures: a prospective multicenter study of 1,052 patients with 160 fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 1995;66(4):359-60. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
6. Larsen CF, Brondum V, Wienholtz G, et al. An algorithm for acute wrist trauma: a systematic approach to diagnosis. J Hand Surg (Br) 1993;18B:207-12. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
7. Tiel-van Buul MM, Broekhuizen TH, van Beek EJ, et al. Choosing a strategy for the diagnostic management of suspected scaphoid fracture: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Nucl Med 1995;36(1):45-8. (Level III evidence)
8. Dorsay TA, Major NM, Helms CA. Cost-effectiveness of immediate MR imaging versus traditional follow-up for revealing radiographically occult scaphoid fractures. AJR 2001;177:1257-63. (Level III evidence)
9. Bayer LR, Widding A, Diemer H. Fifteen minutes bone scintigraphy in patients with clinically suspected scaphoid fracture and normal X-rays. Injury 2000;31:243-8. (Level II/III evidence)
10. Murphy DG, Eisenhauer MA, Powe J, et al. Can a day 4 bone scan accurately determine the presence or absence of scaphoid fracture? Ann Emerg Med 1995;26(4):434-8. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
11. Hindman BW, Kulik WJ, Lee G, et al. Occult fractures of the carpal and metacarpals: demonstration with CT. AJR 1989;153:529-32. (Level III/IV evidence)
12. Nakamura R, Imaeda T, Horii E, et al. Analysis of scaphoid fracture displacement by three-dimensional computed tomography. J Hand Surg 1991;16A:485-92. (Level III/IV evidence)
13. Hidaka Y, Nakamura R. Progressive patterns of degenerative arthritis in scaphoid nonunion demonstrated by three-dimensional computed tomography. J Hand Surg 1998;23B:765-70. (Level III evidence)
14. Hunter JC, Escobedo EM, Wilson AJ, et al. MR imaging of clinically suspected scaphoid fractures. AJR 1997;168:1287-93. (Level II/III evidence)
15. Breitenseher MJ, Metz VM, Gilula LA, et al. Radiographically occult scaphoid fractures: value of MR imaging in detection. Radiology 1997;203:245-50. (Level II/III evidence)
16. Raby N. Magnetic resonance imaging of suspected scaphoid fractures using low field dedicated extremity MR system. Clin Radiology 2001;56:316-20. (Level III evidence)
17. Fowler C, Sullivan B, Williams LA, et al. A comparison of bone scintigraphy and MRI in the early diagnosis of the occult scaphoid waist fracture. Skeletal Radiology 1998;27:683-7. (Level III evidence)
18. Cerezal L, Abascal F, Cang A, et al. Usefulness of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging in the vascularity in the evaluation of the vascularity of scaphoid nonunions. AJR 2000;174:141-9. (Level II/III evidence)

Further Reading

1. Krasin E, Goldwirth M, Gold A, et al. Review of the current methods in the diagnosis and treatment of scaphoid fractures. Postgrad Med J 2001;77:235-7

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