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Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Renal Mass
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References

  1. Zagoria RJ. Imaging of small renal masses: a medical success story. AJR 2000;175:945-55.
  2. Higgins JC, Fitzgerald JM. Evaluation of incidental renal and adrenal masses. American Family Physician 2001;63:288-94.
  3. Einstein DM, Hens BR, Weaver R, Obuchowski N, Zepp R, Singer A. Evaluation of renal masses detected by excretory urography: cost-effectiveness of sonography versus CT. AJR 1995;164:371-5. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  4. Warshauer DM, McCarthy SM, Street L, et al. Detection of renal masses: sensitivities and specificities of excretory urography/linear tomography, US and CT. Radiology 1988;169:363-5. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  5. Jamis-Dow CA, Choyke PL, Jennings SB, Linehan WM, Thakore KN, Walther MM. Small (< 3-cm) renal masses: detection with CT versus US and pathologic correlation. Radiology 1996;198:785-8. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  6. Amendola MA, Bree RL, Pollack HM, et al. Small renal cell carcinomas: resolving a diagnostic dilemma. Radiology 1988;166:637-41. (Level IV evidence)
  7. Bosniak MA, Megibow AJ, Hulnick DH, et al. CT diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma: the importance of detecting small amounts of fat. AJR 1988;151:497-501. (Level IV evidence)
  8. Bosniak M. The small (< 3.0 cm) renal parenchymal tumor: detection, diagnosis, and controversies. Radiology 1991;179:307-17.
  9. Wolf JS. Evaluation and management of solid and cystic renal masses. J Urol 1998;159:1120-33.
  10. Kreft BP, Muller-Miny H, Sommer T, et al. Diagnostic value of MR imaging in comparison to CT in the detection and differential diagnosis of renal masses: ROC analysis. European Radiology 1997;7(4):542-54. (Level III evidence)
  11. Semelka RC, Shoenut JP, Kroeker MA, MacMahon RG, Greenberg HM. Renal lesions: controlled comparison between CT and 1.5-T MR imaging with nonenhanced and gadolinium-enhanced fat suppressed spin-echo and breath-hold FLASH techniques. Radiology 1992;182:425-30. (Level II/III evidence)
  12. Richter F, Kasabian NG, Irwin RJ Jr, et al. Accuracy of diagnosis of guided biopsy of renal mass lesions classified indeterminate by imaging studies. Urology 2000;55:348-52. (Level II/III evidence)
  13. Wood BJ, Khan MA, McGovern F, Harisinghani M, Hahn PF, Mueller PR. Imaging guided biopsy of renal masses: indications, accuracy and impact on clinical management. J Urol 1999;161:1470-4. (Level III evidence)
  14. Niceforo J, Coughlin BE. Diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma: value of fine-needle aspiration cytology in patients with metastases or contraindications to nephrectomy. AJR 1993;161:1303-5. (Level III evidence).
  15. Eshed I, Elias S, Sidi AA. Diagnostic value of CT-guided biopsy of indeterminate renal masses. Clin Radiol 2004; 59:262-267. (Level III evidence)
  16. Shah RB, Bakshi N, Hafez KS, Wood DP, Kunji LP. Image-guided biopsy in the evaluation of renal mass lesions in contemporary urological practice: indications, adequacy, clinical impact, and limitations of the pathological diagnosis. Hum Pathol 2005; 36:1309-1315.(Level III evidence)
  17. Hara I, Miyake H, Hara S, Arakawa S, Hanioke K, Kamidono S. Role of percutaneous image-guided biopsy in the evaluation of renal masses. Urol Int 2001; 67:199-202. (Level III evidence)
  18. Caoili EM, Bude RO, Higgins EJ, Hoff DL, Nghiem HV. Evaluation of sonographically guided percutaneous core biopsy of renal masses. AJR 2002; 179:373-378. (Level III evidence)
  19. Lechevallier E, Andre M, Barroil D et al. Fine-needle percutaneous biopsy of renal masses with helical CT guidance. Radiology 2000; 216:506-510.(Level III evidence)
  20. Harisinghani MG, Maher MM, Gervais DA et al. Incidence of malignancy in complex cystic renal masses (Bosniak category III): should imaging-guided biopsy preceded surgery? AJR 2003; 180:755-758. (Level III evidence)
  21. Israel GM, Bosniak MA. An update of the Bosniak renal cyst classification system. Urology 2005;66:484-8.

Further Reading

  1. Fowler C, Reznek RH. The indeterminate renal mass. Imaging 2001;13:27-43.
  2. Zagoria RJ, Dyer RB. The small renal mass: detection, characterization, and management. Abdom Imaging 1998;23:256-65

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