Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Suspected Osteoporosis

References

1. Hain SF. DXA Scanning for Osteoporosis Clin Med 2006;6:254-258 (Review Article)
2. Hazes JM, Woolf AD. The bone and Joint decade J Rheumatol 2000;27(1):1-3 (Editorial)
3. Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H. Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ 1996;312:1254-9. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
4. O'Neill S, MacLennan A, Bass S, et al Guidelines for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis for GPs Aust Fam Phy 2004;33:910-919 (Review Article)
5. Writing Guidelines for the ISCD Position Development Conference. Indications and reporting for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry J Clin Densitometry 2004;7(1):37-44 (Guideline) Click here to view reference
6. Kanis JA. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a synopsis of a WHO report. WHO Study Group. Osteoporosis Int 1994;4:368-81.
7. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for post menopausal osteoporosis: a report of WHO Study Group. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1994. (WHO technical series 843).
8. Australian Government: Department of Health and Ageing Medicare Benefits Schedule Online Click here to go to MBS online website
9. Genant HK Current State of bone densitometry for osteoporosis Radiographics 1998;18:913-918 (Review Article)
10. Osteoporosis Australia Prevent the Next Fracture - A Guide For GPs 2nd Edn. 2008. Click here to view reference (pdf)
11. Center J, Bliuc D, Nguyen T et al. Risk of Subsequent Fracture After Low-Trauma Fracture in Men and Women JAMA 2007;297(4):387-394 (Level II Evidence) Click here to view reference
12. Huopio J, Kroger H, Honkanen et al. Calcaneal ultrasound predicts early postmenopausal fractures as well as axial BMD. A prospective study of 422 women Osteoporos Int 2004;15:190-195 (Level II Evidence) Click here to view reference
13. Khaw K, reeve J, Luben R et al. Prediction of total and hip fracture risk in men and women by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus: EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study Lancet 2004;363:197-202 (Level II Evidence) Click here to view reference
14. Nayak S, Olkin I, Liu H et al. Meta-Analysis: Accuracy of Quantitative Ultrasound for identifying patients with osteoporosis Ann Intern Med 2006;144:832-841 (Level II Evidence) Click here to view reference
15. Marlin F, Lopez-Bastida J, Diez-Perez A et al. Bone Mineral Density referral for Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry using Quantitative Ultrasound as a Prescreening Tool in Postmenopausal Women from the General Population: A Cost-Effective Analysis Calcif Tissue Int 2004;74:277-283 (Level II Evidence) Click here to view reference
16. McCauley E, Mackie A, Elliot D et al. Heel bone densitometry: device specific thresholds for the assessment of osteoporosis Br J of Radiology 2006;79:464-467 (Level II Evidence) Click here to view reference
17. Boehm H, Link T Bone Imaging: Traditional Techniques and their Interpretation Curr Osteo reports 2004;2:41-46 (Review Article)

Further Reading

1. O'Neill S, MacLennan A, Bass S, et al. Guidelines for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis for GPs Aust Fam Phy 2004;33:910-919 (Review Article)

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