Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Suspected Orbital Pathology

References

1. Mosley IF. The plain radiograph in ophthalmology: a wasteful and potentially dangerous anachronism. J Royal Soc Med 1991;84:76-80. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
2. Bhattacharya J, Mosley IF, Fells P. The role of plain radiography in the management of suspected orbital blow-out fractures. Br J Radiology 1997;70:29-33. (Level III evidence)
3. Brady SM, McMann MA, Mazzoli RA, et al. The diagnosis and management of orbital blowout fractures: update 2001. Am J Emerg Med 2001;19:147-54. (Level IV evidence)
4. Otto PM, Otto RA, Virapongse C, et al. Screening test for detection of metallic foreign objects in the orbit before magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiology 1992;27:308-11. (Level III evidence)
5. Go JL, Vu VN, Lee KJ, et al. Orbital trauma. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America 2002;12(2):311-24.
6. Belden CJ, Zinreich SJ. Orbital imaging techniques. Seminars in US, CT and MRI 1997;18(6):413-22. (Review article)
7. Maya MM, Heier LA. Orbital CT: current use in the MR era. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America 1998;8(3):651-93.
8. Lakits A, Prokesch R, Scholda C, et al. Orbital helical computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of eye trauma. Ophthalmology 1999;106:2330-5. (Level II/III evidence). Click here to view reference
9. Gor DM, Kirsch CF, Leen J, et al. Radiologic differentiation of intraocular glass: evaluation of imaging techniques, glass types, size, and effect of intraocular haemorrhage. AJR 2001;177:1199-203. (Level II/III evidence). Click here to view reference
10. Ettl A, Kramer J, Daxer A, et al. High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of neurovascular orbital anatomy. Ophthalmology 1997;104:869-77. (Level III evidence)
11. Tonami H, Tamamura H, Kimizu K, et al. Intraocular lesions in patients with systemic disease: findings on MR imaging. AJR 1990;154(2):385-9. (Level III evidence)
12. Breslau J, Dalley RW, Tsuruda JS, et al. Phased-array surface coil MR of the orbits and optic nerves. AJNR 1995;16:1247-51. (Level III evidence)
13. Peyster RG, Augsburger JJ, Shields JA, et al. Intraocular tumors: evaluation with MR imaging. Radiology 1988;168(3):773-9. (Level IV evidence)
14. Gomori JM, Grossman RI, Shields JA, et al. Choroidal melanomas: correlation of NMR spectroscopy and MR imaging. Radiology 1986;158:443-5. (Level III evidence)
15. Gass A, Barker GJ, MacManus D, et al. High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the anterior visual pathway in patients with optic neuropathies using fast spin echo and phased array local coils. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;58:562-9. (Level III evidence)
16. Dunker S, Wiegand W. Prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in monosymptomatic optic neuritis. Ophthalmology 1996;103:1768-73. (Level III evidence)

Further Reading

1. Duvoisin B, Zanella FE, Sievers KW. Imaging of the normal and pathological orbit. Eur Radiol 1998;8:175-188. Click here to view reference

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