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Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Staging of Oesophageal Cancer
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References

  1. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cancer staging manual. 7th ed. Chicago: Springer, Inc; 2010.
  2. Lightdale CJ. American College of Gastroenterology: Practice guidelines. Esophageal Cancer. Am J Gastroenterology 1999;94:20-9.
  3. Hadzijahic N, Wallace MB, Hawes RH, et al. CT or EUS for the initial staging of oesophageal cancer? A cost minimisation analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2000;52:715-20.
  4. Rice TW. Clinical staging of esophageal carcinoma: CT, EUS, and PET. Chest Surg Clin of North America 2000;10(3):471-85.
  5. Fockens P, Kisman K, Merksu MP, et al. The prognosis of oesophageal carcinoma staged irresectable (T4) by endosonography. J Am Coll Surg 1998;186:17-23.
  6. Botet JF, Lightdale CJ, Zauber AG, et al. Preoperative staging of oesophageal cancer: comparison of endoscopic US and dynamic CT. Radiology 1991;181:419-25. (Level II/III evidence)
  7. Vilgrain V, Mompoint D, Palazzo L, et al. Staging of Esophageal carcinoma: comparison of results with endoscopic sonography and CT. AJR 1990;155:277-81. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  8. Kelly S, Harris KM, Berry E, et al. A systematic review of the staging performance of endoscopic ultrasound in gastro-oesophageal carcinoma. Gut 2001;49:534-9. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  9. Bowrey DJ, Clark GWB, Roberts SA, et al. Endosonographic staging of 100 consecutive patients with esophageal carcinoma: introduction of the 8-mm esophagoprobe. Diseases of the Esophagus 1999;12:258-63. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  10. Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Norton ID, Clain JE, et al. Impact of EUS-guided fine needle aspiration on lymph node staging in patients with oesophageal carcinoma. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2001;53:751-7. (Level III evidence)
  11. Nishimura Y, Osugi H, Inoue K, et al. Bronchoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of tracheobronchial invasion of esophageal cancer. J Ultrsound Med 2002;21:49-58. (Level II/III evidence)
  12. Block MI, Patterson GA, Sundaresan RS, et al. Improvement in staging of oesophageal cancer with the addition of positron emission tomography. Ann Thorac Surg 1997;64:770-7. (Level II/III evidence)
  13. Luketich JD, Schauer PR, Meltzer CC, et al. Role of positron emission tomography in staging oesophageal cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 1997;64:765-9. (Level III evidence)
  14. Kole AC, Plukker JT, Nieweg OE, et al. Positron emission tomography for staging of oesophageal and gastroesophageal malignancy. Br J Cancer 1998;78:521-7.
  15. Luketich JD, Friedman DM, Weigel TL, et al. Evaluation of distant metastases in esophageal cancer: 100 consecutive positron emission tomography scans. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:1133-7.
  16. Flamen P, Lerut A, van Custem E, et al. Utility of positron emission tomography for the staging of patients with potentially operable esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncology 2000;18(18):3202-10. (Level II/III evidence)
  17. Meltzer CC, Luketich JD, Friedman D, et al. Whole-body FDG positron emission tomographic imaging for staging esophageal cancer: comparison with computed tomography. Clinical Nuclear Medicine 2000;25(11):882-7. (Level III evidence)
  18. Lerut T, Flamen P, Ectors N, et al. Histopathologic validation of lymph node staging with FDG-PET scan in cancer of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction: A prospective study based on primary surgery with extensive lymphadenectomy. Ann Surg 2000;232:743-52. (Level II evidene). Click here to view reference
  19. Kato H, Miyazaki T, Nakajima M et al. The incremental effect of positron emission tomography on diagnostic accuracy in the initial staging of esophageal carcinoma. Cancer 2005; 103:148-156. (Level II evidence)
  20. van Westreenen HL, Westerterp M, Bossuyt PM et al. Systematic review of the staging performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:3805-3812. (Level II evidence) Click here to view reference
  21. Hong S, Lunagomez S, Kim EE et al. Value of baseline positron emission tomography for predicting overall survival in patient with nonmetastatic esophageal or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma. Cancer 2005; 104:1620-1626. (Level II evidence)
  22. Choi JY, Jang HJ, Shim YM et al. 18F-FDG PET in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing curative surgery: prognostic implications. J Nucl Med 2004; 45:1843-1850. (Level II evidence)
  23. Bar-Shalom R, Guralnik L, Tsalic M et al. The additional value of PET/CT over PET in FDG imaging of oesophageal cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2005; 32:918-924. (Level III evidence)
  24. Gillies RS, Middleton MR, Maynard ND, Bradley KM, Gleeson FV. Additional benefit of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the staging of esophageal cancer. Eur Radiol. published online 04 September 2010. (Level III evidence)

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