Skip To Content
 

Search:

 

Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Suspected ACS
PathwaysHome
Flow Chart
Image gallery
Teaching Points
References
PDF Version

References

  1. Coronary heart disease [Internet]. AIHW; c2010 [cited 2011 Mar 21]. Available from: www.aihw.gov.au
  2. Cullen L, Than M, Brown AF et al. Comprehensive standardized data definitions for acute coronary syndrome research in emergency departments in Australasia. Emerg Med Australas 2010; 22: 34–40. (Review)
  3. Pope JH, Aufderheide TP, Ruthazer R, Woolard RH, Feldman JA, Beshansky JR, Griffith JL, Selker HP. Missed diagnoses of acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(16):1163-70. (Level II)
  4. Schull MJ, Vermeulen MJ, Stukel TA. The risk of missed diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction associated with emergency department volume. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(6):647-55. (Level II)
  5. Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, McCabe CH, Horacek T, Papuchis G, Mautner B, Corbalan R, Radley D, Braunwald E. The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: A method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. JAMA. 2000;284(7):835-42. (Level II)
  6. Filipiak KJ, Koltowski L, Grabowski M, Karpinski G, Glowczynska R, Huczek Z, Kochman J, Majstrak F, Opolski G. Prospective comparison of the 5 most popular risk scores in clinical use for unselected patients with acute coronary syndrome. Circ J. 2010;75(1):167-73. (Level II)
  7. Bradshaw PJ, Ko DT, Newman AM, Donovan LR, Tu JV. Validation of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk index for predicting early mortality in a population-based cohort of STEMI and non-STEMI patients. Can J Cardiol. 2007;23(1):51-6. (Level II)
  8. Mahmoud WE, Hassanein MM, Nour El-Din MM, Elbeltagy SM, Sadaka MA. Validation of TIMI and GRACE Acute Coronary Risk Scores in Alexandria Governorate and their Role in the Comparison of Quality of Care between Hospitals. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2010;85(1-2):1-28. (Level II)
  9. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: Chest Pain Suggestive of Acute Coronary Syndrome (Revised) Available at: http://www.acr.org/SecondaryMainMenuCategories/quality_safety/app_criteria/pdf/ExpertPanelonCardiovascularImaging/Chest-Pain-Suggestive-of-Acute-Coronary-Syndrome.aspx. Accessed Mar 16, 2011. (Guideline)
  10. Gruettner J, Henzler T, Sueselbeck T, Fink C, Borggrefe M, Walter T. Clinical assessment of chest pain and guidelines for imaging. Eur J Radiol. Forthcoming 2011 Mar 9. (Review)
  11. Sato Y, Matsumoto N, Ichikawa M, et al. Efficacy of Multislice computed tomography for the detection of acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department. Circ J 2005;69:1047-51. (Level III)
  12. White CS, Kuo D, Kelemen M, et al. Chest pain evaluation in the emergency department: Can MDCT provide a comprehensive evaluation? AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;185:533-40. (Level III)
  13. Hoffmann U, Nagurney JT, Moselewski F, Pena A, Ferencik M, Chae CU, et al. Coronary multidetector computed tomography in the assessment of patients with acute chest pain. Circulation 2006;114:2251-60. (Level II)
  14. Gallagher MJ, Ross MA, Raff GL, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography compared with stress nuclear imaging in emergency department low-risk chest pain patients. Ann Emerg Med 2007;49:125-36. (Level II)
  15. Rubinshtein R, Halon DA, Gaspar T, Jaffe R, Karkabi B, Flugelman MY, et al. Usefulness of 64-slice cardiac computed tomographic angiography for diagnosing acute coronary syndromes and predicting clinical outcome in emergency department patients with chest pain of uncertain origin. Circulation 2007;115:1762-8. (Level III)
  16. Goldstein JA, Gallagher MJ, O’Neill WW, Ross MA, O’Neil BJ, Raff GL. A randomized controlled trial of multi-slice coronary computed tomography for evaluation of acute chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:863-71. (Level II)
  17. Hoffmann U, Bamberg F, Chae CU, Nichols JH, Rogers IS, Seneviratne SK, et al. Coronary computed tomography angiography for early triage of patients with acute chest pain: The ROMICAT (Rule Out Myocardial Infarction using Computer Assisted Tomography) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:1642-50. (Level II)
  18. Hollander JE, Chang AM, Shofer FS, McCusker CM, Baxt WG, Litt HI. Coronary computed tomographic angiography for rapid discharge of low-risk patients with potential acute coronary syndromes. Ann Emerg Med 2009;53:295-304. (Level II)
  19. Cury RC, Feuchtner G, Mascioli C, Fialkow J, Andrulonis P, Villanueva T, Pena CS, Janowitz WR, Katzen BT, Ziffer JA. Cardiac CT in the emergency department: Convincing evidence, but cautious implementation. J Nucl Cardiol. Forthcoming 2011 Feb 26. (Level I)
  20. Lee HY, Yoo SM, White CS. Coronary CT angiography in emergency department patients with acute chest pain: triple rule-out protocol versus dedicated coronary CT angiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;25(3):319-26. (Review)
  21. Savino G, Herzog C, Costello P, Schoepf UJ. 64 slice cardiovascular CT in the emergency department: concepts and first experiences. Radiol Med. 2006 Jun;111(4):481-96. (Level III)
  22. Takakuwa KM, Halpern EJ. Evaluation of a "triple rule-out" coronary CT angiography protocol: use of 64-Section CT in low-to-moderate risk emergency department patients suspected of having acute coronary syndrome. Radiology. 2008;248(2):438-46. (Level III)
  23. Schertler T, Frauenfelder T, Stolzmann P, Scheffel H, Desbiolles L, Marincek B, et al. Triple rule-out CT in patients with suspicion of acute pulmonary embolism: findings and accuracy. Acad Radiol. 2009 Jun;16(6):708-17. (Level II)
  24. Takakuwa KM, Halpern EJ, Shofer FS. A time and imaging cost analysis of low-risk ED observation patients: a conservative 64-section computed tomography coronary angiography "triple rule-out" compared to nuclear stress test strategy. Am J Emerg Med. 2011;29(2):187-95. (Level III)
  25. Mastouri R, Sawada SG, Mahenthiran J. Current noninvasive imaging techniques for detection of coronary artery disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2010 Jan;8(1):77-91. (Review)
  26. Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Fleischmann KE, Hunink MG. Stress echocardiography, stress single-photon-emission computed tomography and electron beam computed tomography for the assessment of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of diagnostic performance. Am Heart J. 2007 Sep;154(3):415-23. (Level I)
  27. Soman P, Parsons A, Lahiri N, Lahiri A. The prognostic value of a normal Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT study in suspected coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 1999;6(3):252-6. (Level III)
  28. Elhendy A, Schinkel A, Bax JJ, van Domburg RT, Poldermans D. Long-term prognosis after a normal exercise stress Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT study. J Nucl Cardiol. 2003;10(3):261-6. (Level III)
  29. Einstein AJ, Moser KW, Thompson RC, Cerqueira MD, Henzlova MJ. Radiation dose to patients from cardiac diagnostic imaging. Circulation. 2007;116(11):1290-305. (Review)
  30. Amsterdam EA, Kirk JD, Bluemke DA, Diercks D, Farkouh ME, Garvey JL, et al. Testing of low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;122(17):1756-76. (Guideline)
  31. Santoro GM, Sciagrà R, Buonamici P, Consoli N, Mazzoni V, Zerauschek F, et al. Head-to-head comparison of exercise stress testing, pharmacologic stress echocardiography, and perfusion tomography as first-line examination for chest pain in patients without history of coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 1998;5(1):19-27. (Level II)

File Formats

Some documents for download on this website are in a Portable Document Format (PDF). To read these files you may need to download Adobe® Acrobat Reader.

Get Adobe® Reader