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Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Incidental Liver Nodule

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References

  1. Leslie DF, Johnson CD, MacCarty RL, et al. Single-pass CT of hepatic tumors: value of globular enhancement in distinguishing hemangiomas from hypervascular matastases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;165:1403-6. (Level III evidence)
  2. Yamashita Y, Ogata I, Urata J, et al. Cavernous hemangioma of the liver: pathologic correlation with dynamic CT findings. Radiology 1997;203:121-6. (Level III evidence)
  3. Szklaruk J, Silverman PM, Charnsangavej C. Imaging in the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;180:441-54. (Review article)
  4. Angelelli G, Ianora AAS, Scardapane A, et al. Role of computerized tomography in the staging of gastrointestinal neoplasms. Semin Surg Oncol 2001;20:109-21. (Review article)
  5. Lim JH, Choi D, Kim SH, et al. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of adding delayed phase imaging to dual-phase helical CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;179:67-73. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  6. Whitney WS, Herfkens RJ, Jeffrey RB, et al. Dynamic breath-hold multiplanar spoiled gradient-recalled MR imaging with gadolinium enhancement for differentiating hepatic haemangiomas from malignancies at 1.5T. Radiology 1993;189:863-70. (Level III evidence)
  7. Rode A, Bancel B, Douek P, et al. Small nodule detection in cirrhotic livers: evaluation with US, spiral CT, and MRI and correlation with pathologic examination of explanted liver. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2001;25:327-36. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  8. Libbrecht L, Bielen D, Verslype C, et al. Focal lesions in cirrhotic explant livers: pathological evaluation and accuracy of pretransplantation imaging examinations. Liver Transpl 2002;8:749-61. (Level III evidence)
  9. Federle MP, Filly RA, Moss AA. Cystic hepatic neoplasms: complementary roles of CT and sonography. AJR 1981;136:345-8. (Level III evidence)
  10. Harvey CJ, Albrecht T. Ultrasound of focal liver lesions. Eur Radiol 2001;11:1578-93. (Review article)
  11. Gambarin-Gelwan M, David CD, Shapiro R, Schwartz ME, Min AD. Sensitivity of commonly available screening tests in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1535-8. (Level III evidence)
  12. Klein D, Jenett M, Gassel HJ, et al. Quantitative dynamic contrast- enhanced sonography of hepatic tumors. Eur Radiol 2004;14:1082-91. (Level III evidence)
  13. Schillaci O, Danieli R, Manni C, Capoccetti F, Simonetti G. Technetium-99m-lebelled red blood cell imaging in the diagnosis of hepatic haemangiomas: the role of SPECT/CT with a hybrid camera. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004;34:1011-5. (Level III evidence)
  14. Jang HJ, Kim TK, Lim HK, et al. Hepatic hemangioma: atypical appearances on CT, MR imaging, and sonography. AJR 2003;180:135-41. (Review article)
  15. Royal HD, Brown ML, Drum DE, et al. Procedure guideline for hepatic and splenic imaging. Society of Nuclear Medicine. J Nucl Med 1998;39:1114-6. (Guideline)
  16. Ziessman HA, Silverman PM, Patterson J, et al. Improved detection of small cavernous hemangiomas of the liver with high-resolution three-headed SPECT. J Nucl Med 1991;32:2086-91. (Level III evidence)
  17. Birnbaum BA, Weinreb JC, Megibow AJ, et al. Definitive diagnosis of hepatic hemangiomas: MR imaging versus Tc-99m-labeled red blood cell SPECT. Radiology 1990;176:95-101. (Level III evidence)
  18. Taboury J, Porcel A, Tubiana JM, Monnier JP. Cavernous haemangiomas of the liver studied by US. Radiology 1983;149:781-5. (Level III evidence)
  19. Ebara M, Ohto M, Shinagawa T et al. Natural history of minute hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than three centimeters complicating cirrhosis. A study in 22 patients. Gastroenterology 1986;90:289-98. (Level III evidence)
  20. Boulahdour H; Cherqui D; Charlotte F, et al. The hot spot hepatobiliary scan in focal nodular hyperplasia. J Nucl Med 1993;34:2105-10. (Level III evidence)
  21. Caturelli E, Solmi L, Anti M, et al. Ultrasound guided fine needle biopsy of early hepatocellular carcinoma complicating liver cirrhosis: a multicentre study. Gut 2004;53:1356-62. (Level II study). Click here to view reference
  22. Chang S, Kim SH, Lim HK, Lee WJ, Choi D, Lim JH. Needle Tract Implantation After Sonographically Guided Percutaneous Biopsy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Evaluation of Doubling Time, Frequency, and Features on CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005; 185:400-405. (Level III evidence)

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