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Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Post-Traumatic Knee Pain or Instability
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References

  1. Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, Wells GA, et al. Derivation of decision rule for the use of radiography in acute knee injuries. Ann Emerg Med 1995;26:405-13. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  2. Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, Wells GA, et al. Prospective validation of a decision rule for the use of radiography in acute knee injuries. JAMA 1996;275:611-5. (Level I/II evidence). Click here to view reference
  3. Stiell IG, Wells GA, Hoag RH, et al. Implementation of the Ottawa knee rule for the use of radiography in acute knee injuries. JAMA 1997;278(23):2075-9. (Level I/II evidence). Click here to view reference
  4. Emparanza JI, Aginaga JR. Validation of the Ottawa knee rules. Ann Emerg Med 2001;38(4):364-8. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  5. Seaberg DC, Yealy DM, Lukens T, et al. Multicenter comparison of two clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute, high-risk knee injuries. Ann Emerg Med 1998;32:8-13. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  6. Seaberg DC, Jackson R. Clinical decision rule for knee radiographs. Am J Emerg Med 1994;12:541-3. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  7. Bauer SJ, Hollander JE, Fuchs SH, et al. A clinical decision rule in the evaluation of acute knee injuries. J Emerg Med 1995;13(5):611-5. (Level II/III evidence)
  8. Weber JE, Jackson Re, Peacock WF, et al. Clinical decision rules discriminate between fractures and nonfractures in acute isolated knee trauma. Ann Emerg Med 1995;26:429-33. (Level II/III evidence)
  9. Potter HG. Imaging of the multiple-ligament-injured knee. Clinics Sports Medicine 2000;19(3):425-41.
  10. Gray SD, Kaplan PA, Dussault RG, et al. Acute knee trauma: how many plain film views are necessary for the initial examination? Skeletal Radiology 1997;26:298-302. (Level II/III evidence)
  11. Delzell PB, Schils JP, Recht MP. Subtle fractures about the knee: innocous-appearing yet indicative of internal derangement. AJR 1996;167:699-703. (Pictorial essay)
  12. Kulthanan T, Noiklang P. Arthrography and arthrotomy of the knee in sports injuries. Br J Sp Med 1993;27(2):87-9. (Level III evidence)
  13. Bonamo JJ, Shulman G. Double contrast arthrography of the knee, a comparison to clinical diagnosis and arthroscopic findings. Orthopaedics (PCM) 1988;11:1041-6.
  14. Selesnick FH, Noble HB, Bachman DC, et al. Internal derangement of the knee: diagnosis by arthrography, arthroscopy, and arthrotomy. Clin Orthop 1985;198:26-30. (Level III/IV evidence)
  15. Kaplan PA, Dussault RG. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: menisci, ligament, tendons. Top Magn Reson Imaging 1993;5(4):228-48.
  16. Munk B, Madsen F, Lundorf E, et al. Clinical magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic findings in knees: a comparative prospective study of meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament and cartilage lesions. Arthroscopy 1998;14(2):171-5. (Level II/III evidence)
  17. Fischer SP, Fox JM, Del Pizzo W, et al. Accuracy of diagnoses from magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: a multicenter analysis of one thousand and fourteen patients. J Bone Joint Surg 1991;73-A(1):2-10. (Level II/III evidence)
  18. Ha TPT, Li KCP, Beaulieu CF, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament injury: fast spin-echo MR imaging with arthroscopic correlation in 217 examinations. AJR 1998;170:1215-9. (Level III evidence)
  19. Rubin DA, Kettering JM, Towers JD, et al. MR imaging of knees having isolated and combined ligament injuries. AJR 1998;170:1207-13. (Level II/III evidence)
  20. Kapelov SR, Teresi LM, Bradley WG, et al. Bone contusions of the knee: increased lesion detection with fast spin-echo MR imaging with spectroscopic fat saturation. Radiology 1993;189:901-4. (Level II/III evidence)
  21. Potter HG, Linklater JM, Allen AA, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage in the knee. J Bone Joint Surgery 1998;80-A(9):1276-84. (Level III/IV evidence)
  22. Mink JH, Deutsch AL. Occult cartilage and bone injuries of the knee: detection, classification and assessment with MR imaging. Radiology 1989;170:823-9. (Level IV evidence)
  23. Ruwe PA, McCarthy SM. Cost-effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. MRI Clinics of North America 1994;2(3):475-9. (Level II/III evidence)
  24. Bui-Mansfield LT, Youngberg RA, Warme W, et al. Potential cost savings of MR imaging obtained before arthroscopy of the knee: evaluation of 50 consecutive patients. AJR 1997;168:913-8. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  25. Vincken PWJ, ter Baak BPM, van Erkell AR, et al. Effectiveness of MR imaging in selection of patients for arthroscopy of the knee. Radiology 2002;223:739-46. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  26. De Smet AA, Graf BK. Meniscal tears missed on MR imaging: relationship to meniscal tear patterns and anterior cruciate ligament tears. AJR 1994;162;905-11. (Level III evidence)
  27. Kode L, Lieberman JM, Motta AO, et al. Evaluation of tibial plateau fractures: efficacy of MR imaging compared with CT. AJR 1994;163:141-7. (Level IV evidence)
  28. Van de Berg BC, Lecouvet FE, Polivache P, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament tears and associated meniscal lesions: assessment at dual-detector spiral CT arthrography. Radiology 2002;223:403-9. (Level II/III evidence)
  29. Giammarile F, masciocchi C, Barile A, et al. Three-phase radionuclide bone imaging and magnetic resonance imaging detection of occult knee fractures in athletes. Eur J Nucl Med 1994;21(6):493-6. (Level III evidence)
  30. Mooar P, Gregg J, Jacobstein J. Radionuclide imaging in internal derangements of the knee. Am J Sports Med 1987;15:132-7. (Level II/III evidence)
  31. Ryan PJ, Reddy K, Fleetcroft J. A prospective comparison of clinical examination, MRI, bone SPECT, and arthroscopy to detect meniscal tears. Clin Nucl Med 1998;23(12):803-6. (Level II evidence)
  32. Marks P, Goldberg JA, Vezina EC, et al. Subchondral bone infarctions in acute ligamentous knee injuries demonstrated on bone and magnetic resonance imaging. J Nucl Med 1992;33:516-20. (Level II/III evidence)
  33. Bachmann LM, Haberzeth S, Steurer J, ter Riet G. The accuracy of the Ottawa knee rule to rule out knee fractures: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140:121-4. (Level I evidence) Click here to view reference

Further Reading

  1. Kaufman D, Leung J. Evaluation of the patient with extremity trauma: an evidence based approach. Emerg Med Clinics North America 1999;17(1):77-95.
  2. Boden BP, Pearsall AW, Garrett WE Jr, et al. Patellofemoral instability: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1997;5:47-57.

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