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Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Suspected Hip Fracture
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References

  1. Feldman D, Zuckerman JD, Frankel VH. Geriatric hip fractures: preoperative decision-making. J Musculoskel Med 1990;7:69-80. (Review article)
  2. Lim KBL, Eng AKH, Chng SM, et al. Limited magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the occult hip fracture. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2002;31:607-10. (Level III evidence)
  3. Parker MJ. Missed hip fractures. Arch Emerg Med 1992;9:23-7. (Level III evidence)
  4. Rizzo PF, Gould ES, Lyden IP, et al. Diagnosis of occult fractures about the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1993;75:395-401. (Level II evidence)
  5. Perron AD, Miller MD, Brady WJ. Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: radiographically occult hip fracture. Emerg Med 2002;20:234-7. (Review article)
  6. Mlinek EJ, Clark KC, Walker CW. Limited magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of occult hip fractures. Am J Emerg Med 1998;16:390-2. (Level IV evidence)
  7. Rubin SJ, Marquardt JD, Gottleib RH, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging: a cost-effective alternative to bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with suspected hip fractures. Skel Radiol 1998;27:199-204. (Level III evidence)
  8. Quinn SF, McCarthy JL. Prospective evaluation of patients with suspected hip fractures and indeterminate radiographs: Use of T1-weighted MR images. Radiology 1993;187:469-71. (Level III evidence)
  9. Guanche CA, Kozin SH, Levy AS, et al. The use of MRI in diagnosis of occult hip fracture in the elderly: A preliminary review. Orthopaedics 1994;17:327-30. (Level III evidence)
  10. Conway WF, Totty WG, McEnery KW. CT and MRI imaging of the hip. Radiology 1996;198:297-307. (Review article)
  11. Bogost GA, Lizerbram EK, Crues JV. MR imaging in evaluation of suspected hip fracture: frequency of unsuspected bone and soft-tissue injury. Radiology 1995;197:263-7. (Level III evidence)
  12. Hayes CW, Balkissoon AR. Current concepts in imaging of the pelvis and hip. Orthop Clin North Am 1997;28:617-42. (Review article)
  13. Holder, LE, Schwarz C, Wernicke PG, Michael RH. Radionuclide bone imaging in the early detection of fractures of the proximal femur (hip): multifactorial analysis. Radiology 1990;174:509-15. (Level III evidence)
  14. Fairclough J, Colhoun E, Johnston D, et al. Bone scanning for suspected hip fractures. A prospective study in elderly patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1987;69:251-3. (Level III evidence)
  15. Deutsch AL, Mink JH, Waxman AD. Occult fractures of the proximal femur: MR imaging, radiology. Radiology 1989;170:113-6. (Level III evidence)
  16. Galloway HR, Meikle GR, Despois M. Patterns of injury in patients with radiographic occult fracture of neck of femur as determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Australasian Radiology 2004;48:21-4. (Level II evidence) Click here to view reference

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