Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Head Injury

References

1. Teasdale GM, Murray G, Anderson E, et al. Risks of acute traumatic intracranial haematoma in children and adults: implications for managing head injuries. BMJ 1990;300:363-7. (Level II evidence)
2. Masters SJ, McClean PM, Arcarese JS, et al. Skull x-ray examinations after head trauma. N Engl J Med 1987;316:84-91. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
3. Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen K, et al . The Canadian CT Head Rule for patients with minor head injury. Lancet 2001;357:1391-6. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
4. Nagy KK, Joseph KT, Krosner SM, et al. The utility of head computed tomography after minimal head injury. J Trauma 1999;46:268-70. (Level III evidence)
5. Holmes JF, Baier ME, Derlet RW. Failure of the Miller criteria to predict significant intracranial injury in patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14 after minor head trauma. Acad Emerg Med 1997;4:788-92. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
6. Livingston DH, Loder PA, Hunt CD. Minimal head injury: is admission necessary? Am Surg 1991;57:14-7. (Level III evidence)
7. Shackford SR, Wald SL, Ross SE, et al. The clinical utility of computed tomography scanning and neurologic examination in the management of patients with minor head injuries. J Trauma 1992;33:385-94. (Level III evidence)
8. Stiell IG, Lesiuk H, Wells GA. The Canadian CT head rule study for patients with minor head injury: rationale, objectives, and methodology for phase I (Derivation) Ann Emerg Med;2001;38:160-9. (Methodology article)
9. Stiell IG, Lesiuk H, Wells GA, et al. Canadian CT head rule study for patients with minor head injury: methodology for phase II (validation and economic analysis) Ann Emerg Med 2001;38:317-22. (Methodoloy article)
10. Deitch D, Kirshner HS. Subdural haematoma after normal CT. Neurology 1989;39:985-7. (Level IV evidence)
11. Snoey ER, Levitt MA. Delayed diagnosis of subdural haematoma following normal computed tomography scan. Ann Emerg Med 1994;23:1127-31. (Level IV evidence)
12. Besenski N. Traumatic injuries: imaging of head injuries. Eur Radiol 2002;12:1237-52. (Review article)
13. National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). Clinical Guideline 4: Head Injury - Triage, assessment, investigation and early management of head injury in infants, children, and adults. [online] June 2003 [cited May 23 2005] Available from: URL: http://www.nice.org.uk
14. Stiell IG, Clement CM, Rowe BH et al. Comparison of the Canadian CT Head Rule and the New Orleans Criteria in patinets with minor head injury. JAMA 2005; 294:1511-1518. (Level I- evidence) Click here to view reference
15. Smits M, Dippel DW, De Haan GG et al. External validation of the Canadian CT Head Rule and the New Orleans Criteria for CT scanning in patients with minor head injury. JAMA 2005; 294:1519-1525. (Level I- evidence) Click here to view reference
16. Rosengren D, Rothwell S, Brown AF et al. The application of North American CT scan criteria to an Australian population with minor head injury. Emerg Med Australas 2004; 16:295-300. (Level IV evidence) Click here to view reference
17. Orrison WW, Gentry LR, Stimac GK et al. Blinded comparison of cranial CT and MR in closed head injury evaluation. Am J Neuroradiol 1994; 15(2):351-6. (Level II evidence) Click here to view reference
18. Mittl RL, Grossman RI, Hiehle JF et al. Prevalence of MR evidence of diffuse axonal injury in patients with mild head injury and normal head CT findings. Am J Neuroradiol 1994; 15(8):1583-9. (Level III evidence)
19. Besenski N. Traumatic injuries: imaging of head injuries. Eur Radiol 2002; 12:1237-52. (Review article)

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