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Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Cholestatic Jaundice

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References

  1. American College of Radiology. Appropriateness criteria for imaging and treatment decisions. Imaging strategies in the evaluation of the jaundiced patient. American College of Radiology 1999;G125-133.
  2. Amouyal P, Palazzo L, Amouyal G, et al. Endosonography: promising method for diagnosis of extrahepatic cholestasis. Lancet 1989;Nov 18:1195-8. (Level II/III evidence)
  3. Baron RL, Stanley RJ, Lee JKT, et al. A prospective comparison of the evaluation of biliary obstruction using computed tomography and ultrasonography. Radiology 1982;145:91-8. (Level II/III evidence)
  4. Dancygier GH, Natermann C. The role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the biliary tract diseases: obstructive jaundice. Endoscopy 1994;26:800-2. (Level II/III evidence)
  5. Amouyal P, Amouyal G, Levy P, et al. Diagnosis of choledocholithiasis by endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastroenterology 1994;106:1062-7. (Level II/III evidence)
  6. Dong B, Chen M. Improved sonographic visualisation of choledocholithiasis. J Clin Ultrasound 1987;15:185-90. (Level II/III evidence)
  7. Gulliver DJ, Baker ME, Cheng CA, et al. Malignant biliary obstruction: efficacy of thin-section dynamic CT in determining resectability. AJR 1992;159:503-7. (Level III evidence)
  8. Neitich JD, Topazian M, Smith RC, et al. Detection of choledocholithiasis: comparison of unenhanced helical CT and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Radiology 1997;203:753-7. (Level III evidence)
  9. Borsch G, Wegener M, Wedmann B, et al. Clinical evaluation, ultrasound, cholescintigraphy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in cholestasis: a prospective comparative clinical study. J Clin Gastroenterol 1988;10(2):185-90. (Level II/III study)
  10. Burtin P, Palazzo L, Canard JM, et al. Diagnostic strategies for extrahepatic cholestasis of indefinite origin: endoscopic ultrasonography or retrograde cholagiography? Results of a prospective study. Endoscopy 1997;29:349-55. (Level II/III evidence). Click here to view reference
  11. Bilbao MK, Dotter CT, Lee TG, et al. Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): a study of 10,000 cases. Gastroenterology 1976;70:314-20. (Level II evidence)
  12. Freeman ML, DiSario JA, Nelson DB, et al. Risk factors of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a prospective multicenter study. Gastrointestinal Endosc 2001;54:425-34. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  13. Mueller PR, Harbin WP, Ferrucci JT Jr, et al. Fine needle transhepatic cholangiography: reflections after 450 cases. AJR 1981;136(1):85-90. (Level III evidence)
  14. Varghese JC, Farrell MA, Courtney G, et al. Role of MR cholangiopancreatography in patients with failed or inadequate ERCP. AJR 1999;173:1527-33. (Level II/III evidence). Click here to view reference
  15. Fulcher AS, Turner MA, Capps GW, et al. Half Fourier RARE MR cholangiopancreatography: experience in 300 patients. Radiology 1998;207(1):21-32. (Level II/III evidence)
  16. Soto JA, Yucel EK, Barish MA, et al. MR cholangiopancreatography after unsuccessful or incomplete ERCP. Radiology 1996;199:91-8. (Level II evidence)
  17. Guibaud L, Bret PM, Reinhold C, et al. Bile duct obstruction and choledocholithiasis: diagnosis with MR cholangiography. Radiology 1995;197:109-15. (Level II/III evidence). Click here to view reference
  18. Becker CD, Grossholz M, Becker M, et al. Choledocholithiasis and bile duct stenosis: diagnostic accuracy of MR cholangiopancreatography. Radiology 1997;205:523-30. (Level III evidence)
  19. Soto JA, Barish MA, Yucel EK, et al. Magnetic resonance cholangiography: comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Gastroenterology 1996;110:589-97. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
  20. Rosch T, Braig C, Gain T, et al. Staging of pancreatic and ampullary carcinoma by endoscopic ultrasonography: comparison with conventional sonography, computed tomography, and angiography. Gastroenterology 1992;102:188-99. (Level III evidence)
  21. Tio TL, Sie LH, Kallimanis G, et al. Staging of ampullary and pancreatic carcinoma: comparison between endosonography and surgery. Gastrointest Endosc 1996;44:706-13. (Level II/III evidence). Click here to view reference
  22. Napoleon B. Diagnosis of biliary lesions: role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of cholestasis. Endoscopy 1998;30(S1):A116-9.
  23. Prat F, Amouyal G, Amouyal P, et al. Prospective controlled study of endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in patients with suspected common bile duct lithiasis. Lancet 1996;347:75-9. (Level II/III study)
  24. Gibson RN, Yeung E, Thompson JN, et al. Bile duct obstruction: radiologic evaluation of level, cause, and tumour resectability. Radiology 1986;160:43-7. (Level III study)
  25. Sugiyama M, Atomi Y. Endoscopic ultrasonography for diagnosing choledocholithiasis: a prospective comparative study with ultrasonography and computed tomography. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1997;45:143-6 (Level II/III evidence)
  26. Alibrahim E, Gibson R, Vincent J et al. Spiral compued tomography - intravenous cholangiography with three dimensional reconstructions for imaging the biliary tree Aus rad 2006;50:136-142 (Level II evidence) Click here to view reference
  27. Gibson R, Vincent J, Speer T et al. Accuracy of computed tomographic intravenous cholangiography (CT-IVC) with iotroxate in the detection of choledocholithiasis Eur Rad 2005;15:1634-1642 (Level II evidence) Click here to view reference
  28. Giadas T, Toledo L, Asensio M et al. Helical CT cholangiography in the evaluation of the biliary tract: application to the diagnosis of choledocolithiasis Abdom Imaging 2002;27:61-70 (Level II evidence)Click here to view reference
  29. Bipat S, Phoa SS, van Delden OM et al. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and determining resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis. Journal of computer assisted tomography 2005 Jul-Aug;29(4);438-445. (Level I-II evidence)
  30. Diehl SJ, Lehmann KJ, Sadick M, Lachmann R, Georgi M. Pancreatic cancer: value of dual-phase helical CT in assessing resectability. Radiology 1998 Feb;206(2);373-378. (Level III evidence)

Further Reading

  1. Barish MA, Yucel EK, Ferrucci JT. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. NEJM 1999;341:258-64.

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