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Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Suspected Bowel Obstruction

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1a    Click to view full size image  

Small Bowel Obstruction

Image 1a (Plain radiograph, Supine view): Multiple dilated loops of small bowel.

1b Click to view full size image  

Image 1b (Plain radiograph, Erect view): Multiple dilated loops of small bowel with air-fluid levels and "string of pearls" sign indicating a mechanical small bowel obstruction.

2a Click to view full size image   Incarcerated Small Bowel Hernia

Image 2a (Plain radiograph): Multiple dilated loops of small bowel in the upper abdomen.

2b Click to view full size image   Image 2b (Plain radiograph): Lower abdominal film showing increased density in the right obturator foramen.
2c Click to view full size image   Image 2c (Computed Tomography): Coronal view of the same patient demonstrating an incarcerated small bowel. Dilated proximal loops of small bowel enter a large right inguinal hernia. The distal small bowel loop exiting the hernia is collapsed.
2d Click to view full size image   Image 2d (Computed Tomography): Axial view showing the dilated small bowel loop in the right inguinal hernia (arrow).
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Malignant Small Bowel Obstruction

Image 3 (Small bowel enteroclysis): Small bowel obstruction due to a serosal metastasis (arrow).

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Gallstone Ileus

Image 4 (Plain radiograph): Multiple loops of distended small bowel with air in the biliary tree (arrow).

5 Click to view full size image   Gallstone Ileus

Image 5 (Computed Tomography): A large gallstone is impacted in the small bowel causing mechanical obstruction. Note air in the biliary tree.

6 Click to view full size image   Pneumoperitoneum

Image 6 (Plain radiograph): Perforated bowel and pneumoperitoneum. The intraabdominal gas outlines the liver edge, gallbladder and falciform ligament.

       
7 Click to view full size image   Pneumoperitoneum

Image 7 (Plain radiograph, Lateral decubitus): Perforated bowel with pneumoperitoneum. The intraabdominal gas outlines the liver edge and chest wall.

8a Click to view full size image   Large Bowel Obstruction

Image 8a (Plain radiograph): Distension of the caecum, ascending and transverse colon.

8b Click to view full size image   Image 8b (Computed Tomography): CT of the same patient showing marked caecal distension secondary to a constricting tumour (arrow).
       
9a Click to view full size image   Colorectal Carcinoma

Image 9a: A Right hemicolectomy showing a large, ulcerated and exophytic caecal adenocarcinoma.

9b Click to view full size image   Image 9b (H&E, x2.5) and 9c (H&E, x10): Histological sections showing a moderately differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma composed of malignant glands invading into the bowel wall (blue arrows). The glands are lined by cells showing marked nuclear atypia. Normal colonic mucosa is included for comparison (green arrow).
9c Click to view full size image  
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Caecal Volvulus

Image 10 (Plain radiograph): Markedly distended loop of large bowel from a caecal volvulus.

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Sigmoid Volvulus

Image 11 (Plain radiograph): Markedly dilated loop of large bowel. The dense white line between the limbs (arrow) points to the origin of the volvulus.

12 Click to view full size image   Sigmoid Volvulus

Image 12 (Computed Tomography): Sigmoid volvulus with the classical "whorl" sign representing the twisted sigmoid mesentery (arrow).


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