Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Ascites

References

1. Cattau EL, Benjamin SB, Knuff TE, Castell DO. The accuracy of the physical examination in the diagnosis of suspected ascites. JAMA 1982;247:1164-6. (Level III evidence)
2. Goldberg BB, Goodman GA, Clearfield HR. Evaluation of ascites by ultrasound. Radiology 1970;96:15-22. (Level II evidence) Click here to view reference
3. Thoeni RF. The role of imaging in patients with ascites. AJR 1995;165:16-8. (Review article)
4. Olafsson S, Blei AT. Diagnosis and management of ascites in the age of TIPS. AJR 1995;165:9-15. (Review article)
5. Runyon BA. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis. Hepatology 1998;27:264-72. (Review article)
6. Malik A, Saxena NC. Ultrasound in abdominal tuberculosis. Abdom Imaging 2003;28:574-9. (Level III evidence)
7. Taylor HM, Ros PR. Hepatic Imaging. Radiol Clin North Am 1998;36:237- 45. (Review article)
8. Bolondi L, Gaiani S, Li Bassi S, et al. Diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome by pulsed Doppler ultrasound. Gastroenterology 1991;100:1324-31. (Level III evidence)
9. Runyon BA, Montano AA, Akriviadis EA, et al. The serum-ascites albumin gradient is superior to the exudates-transudate concept in the differential diagnosis of ascites. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:215-20. (Level III evidence)
10. Vilgrain V, Lebrec D, Menu Y et al. Comparison between ultrasonographic signs and the degree of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis. Gastrointest Radiol 1990;15:218-22. (Level III evidence)
11. Subramanyam BR, Balthazar EJ, Madamba MR, et al. Sonography of portosystemic venous collaterals in portal hypertension. Radiology 1983;146:161-6. (Level III evidence)
12. Vilgrain V. Ultrasound of diffuse liver disease and portal hypertension. Eur Radiol 2001;11:1563-77. (Review article)
13. Sharma MP, Dasarathy S, Misra SC, Saksena S, Sundaram KR. Sonographic signs in portal hypertension: a multivariate analysis. Trop Gastroenterology 1996;17:23-9. (Level III evidence)
14. Brown JJ, Naylor MJ, Yagan N. Imaging of liver cirrhosis. Radiology 1997;202:1-16. (Review article)
15. Gibson RN, Gibson PR, Donlan JD, Clunie DA. Identification of a patent paraumbilical vein by using Doppler sonography: importance in the diagnosis of portal hypertension. AJR 1989;153:513-6. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
16. Narayanan Menon KV, Shah V, Kamath PS. Current Concepts. The Budd-Chiari Syndrome. NEJM 2004;350:578-85. (Review article)
17. Kamath PS.Budd Chiari Syndrome:Radiological Findings Liv Trans 12:S21-22 2006 (Review Article)
18. Heidelbaugh J, Bruderly M. Cirrhosis and Chronic Liver Failure. Part I Diagnosis and Evaluation Amer Fam Phys 2006; 74:756-762 (Review Article)
19. Skelly M, James P, Ryder S. Findings on liver biopsy to investigate abnormal liver function tests in the absence of diagnostic serology J Hep 2001; 35:195-199 (Level II Evidence) Click here to view reference
20. Helmreich-Becker I, Schimascher P, Denzer UMinilaproscopy in the Diagnosis of Cirrhosis: Superiority in Patients with Child-Pugh A and Macronodular Disease Endoscoopy 2003; 35:55-60 (Level IV Evidence)

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