Diagnostic Imaging Pathways - Ankle Injury

References

1. Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, McKnight RD, et al. A study to develop clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21:384-90. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
2. Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, McKnight RD, et al. Decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. JAMA 1993;269:1127-32. (Level I evidence) Click here to view reference
3. Stiell IG, McKnight RD, Greenberg GH, et al. Implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules. JAMA 1994;271:827-32. (Level I evidence). Click here to view reference
4. Ho K, Connell HK, Janzen DL, et al. Using tomography to diagnose occult ankle fractures. Ann of Emerg Med 1996;27:600-5. (Level IV evidence)
5. Meyer JM, Hoffmeyer P, Savoy X. High resolution computed tomography in the chronically painful ankle sprain. Foot & Ankle 1988;8:291-6. (Level IV evidence)
6. Chan GM, Yoshida D. Fracture of the lateral process of the talus associated with snowboarding. Ann Emerg Med 2003;41:854-8. (Level IV evidence)
7. Kelly AM, Richards D, Kerr L, et al. Failed validation of a clinical decision rule for the use of radiography in acute ankle injury. N Z Med J 1994;107:294-5. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
8. Lucchesi GM, Jackson RE, Peacock WF et al. Sensitivity of the Ottawa rules. Ann Emerg Med 1995;26:1-5. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
9. Pigman EC, Klug RK, Sanford S et al. Evaluation of the Ottawa clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle and midfoot injuries in the emergency department: An independent site assessment. Ann Emerg Med 1994;24:41-5. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
10. Stiell IG, Wells G, Laupacis A, et al. A muliticentre trial to introduce the Ottawa ankle rules for use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. BMJ 1995;311:594-7. (Level II evidence). Click here to view reference
11. Papacostas E, Malliaropoulos N, Papadopoulos A, Liouliakis C. Validation of Ottawa ankle rules protocol in Greek athletes: study in the emergency departments of a district general hospital and a sports injuries clinic. Br J Sports Med 2001;35:445-7. (Level II evidence)
12. Leddy JJ, Smolinski RJ, Lawrence J et al. Prospective evaluation of the Ottawa ankle rules in a university sports medical center. Am J Sports Med 1998;26:158-65. (Level II evidence)
13. Fessell DP, van Holsbeeck MT. Foot and Ankle Sonography. Radiol Clin North Am 1999;37(4):831-58. (Review article)
14. Milz P, Milz S, Steinborn M et al. Lateral ankle ligaments and tibiofibular syndesmosis. Acta Orthop Scand 1998;69(1):51-55 (Level IV evidence)
15. Breitenseher MJ, Trattnig S, Kukla C, et al. MRI Versus Lateral Stress Radiography in Acute Lateral Ligamentous Injuries. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1997;21(2):280-85. (Level IV evidence)
16. Cheung Y, Rosenburg ZS. MR Imaging of Ligamentous Abnormalities of the Ankle and Foot MRI Clincs North Am 2001;9(3):507-31. (Review article)
17. Dunfee WR, Dalinka MK, Kneeland JB. Imaging of athletic injuries to the ankle and foot. Radiol Clincs North Am 2002;40:289-312 (Review article)
18. Zanetti M, De Simoni C, Wetz HH, Zollinger H, Hodler J. Magnetic resonance imaging of injuries to the ankle joint: can it predict clinical outcome? Skeletal Radiology 1997;26:82-88. (Level III/IV evidence)
19. Morrison WB. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Sports Injuries of the Ankle. Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2003;14(2):179-98 (Review article)
20. Pinar H, Akseki D, Kovanlikaya I, Arac S, Bozkurt M. Bone bruises detected by magnetic resonance imaging following lateral ankle sprains. Knee Surg, Sports Traumatol, Arthroscopy 1997;5:113-7. (Level III)
21. Jacobson JA, van Holsbeeck MT. Musculoskeletal Imaging Update, Part II: Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography. Orthopedic Clinics or North America 1998;29(1):135-167 (Review article)

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